To implement a JSP custom tag with dynamic attributes (for example, to pass-thru arbitrary attributes not handled by the JSP tag): Set the dynamic-attributes element to true in the TLD: <tag> <name>mark</name> <tag-class>c... The tag handler must implement javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.DynamicAttributes : package com.example.jsp; import java.io.*; ...

In the simple taglib example , I used a tag handler class to implement a taglib. This is an example to implement a taglib with a UI component. The purpose is to use a custom tag to split a string and print each part in a separate paragraph, i.e., print <p>john</p> <p>steve</p> <p>mike</p> with custom tag <my:foreach> : <my:foreach var="who" value="john steve mike"> ... These are the files: pom.xml <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"... src/main/java/com/example/UIForeash.java : package com.example; import java.io.IOExcep... src/main/resources/META-INF/faces-config.xml : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <faces-c... src/main/resources/META-INF/foreach.taglib.xml : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <facelet... How to use: Put the JAR file generated by the above project in the WEB-INF/lib folder of the web app. If the web app is a Maven project, just add the taglib project as a dependency:...

There's no such thing as an immutable byte array in Java. What we are trying to achieve here is to protect the byte array inside the object from which it is being returned. We want to caller to have the contents of the byte array, but not be able to change the contents inside the object. The trick is to return a copy instead of the internal reference: public class ReturnByteArray { public stati...

This is an example that uses dynamic proxies to trace method calls (in logging) and print out elapsed times for them. Because dynamic proxies can only be generated for interfaces, the service classes must be implemented with interface-implementation pairs. Create services A and B. A.java : public interface A { public void service1()... AImpl.java : import java.util.Random; public class AImpl... B.java : public interface B { public void service1()... BImpl.java : public class BImpl implements B { public vo... The call trace proxy: import java.lang.reflect.*; class TraceProx... The performance proxy: import java.lang.reflect.*; class Performan... The service factory: import java.lang.reflect.*; public class Se... The test class: public class Test { public static void main... The output: Entering AImpl.service1 Entering BImpl.service1... The above example has no information...

Dynamic proxy can be used to eliminate the need to stub out unused interface methods. This is an example for a simple SAX content handler for XML parsing. The org.xml.sax.ContentHandler interface requires 11 methods be implemented but we only need three: import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Ar... With a dynamic proxy, we don't need the empty blocks for the unused methods: import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Ar... Equivalently (with anonymous inner class): import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Ar... demo.xml : <breakfast-menu> <food> <name>Belgian W...

The String.format() method provides versatile formatting capabilities. This tutorial tries to present these capabilities in a accessible manner. The format string A format string can contain zero, one, or more format specifiers . The general form of a format specifier is: %[argument_index$] [flags] [width] [.precision]co... where things in square brackets are optional, and conversion is a character indicating the conversion to be applied to the corresponding variable value. The only required characters in the format specifier is the percent sign % and the conversion character. A simple example: public static void simpleFormat() { System.out... The Argument index The argument index is specified by a number, terminated by the dollar sign $ . The same argument may be repeated multiple times in a format string. Unindexed...

Python defines a long list of special methods to customize class behavior. This is a short list for the Basic Customizations . Method Description object.__new__(cls[, ...]) Called to create a new instance of class cls. __new__() is a static method (special-cased so you need not declare it as such) that takes the class of which an instance was requested as its first argument. __new__() is intended mainly to allow subclasses of immutable types (like int, str, or tuple) to customize instance creation. It is also commonly overridden in custom metaclasses in order to customize class creation. object.__init__(self[,...]) Called when the instance is created. The arguments are those passed to the class constructor expression. If a base class has an __init__() method, the derived class’s __init__()...

The tags <c:out> The <c:out> tag evaluates an expression and outputs the result on the page. The syntax is: <c:out value="value" [escapeXml="{true|false}"] ... where escapeXml defaults to true and default defaults to empty string "". <c:out value="${expr}" escapeXml="false"/> is equivalent to ${expr} . If a variable is set in multiple scopes, the lower scope wins. In the following example code, attribute1 is set in request, session, and application scopes; attribute2 is set in session and application scopes; attribute3 is set in the application scope. The results are: <c:out value="${attribute1}"/> : Attribute1 request scope <c:out value="${attribute2}"/> : Attribute2 session scope <c:out value="${attribute3}"/> : Attribute3 application scope To access values in higher scopes, you have to specify the scope explicitly, like this: <c:out value="${sessionScope.attribute1}"/> : Attribute1 session...

This is an Ant custom task to merge Properties files I lifted from http://marc.info/?l=ant-user&m=106442688632164&w=2 , with some minor bug fixes. Example usage: <taskdef name="mergeProperty" classname="ant.task.... Implementation: package ant.task.addon; import java.io.Buff...