An alias defined in .profile does not work when you open a bash window from the desktop. Simply put, alias should be put in .bashrc ; PATH should be put in .profile . These are the facts: .profile is executed by the login shell, i.e., when you login. .bashrc is executed whenever a bash shell is opened - login or non-login. When you open a new bash window from the desktop, a non-login shell is created, it will execute .bashrc , not .profile . When you ssh to a remote system interactively, a login shell is created. When you ssh to a remote system and run a command directly, a non-login shell is created. PATH modifications should be put in .profile since it is usually...

Use the read command to pause a shell script and give the user a chance to stop it: #!/bin/sh echo "Press CTRL-C to stop this scrip...

Use IO redirection to swap stdout and stderr : $ prog 3>&1 >&2 2>&3 3>&-

These steps set up a PPP connection between an Android device and your Linux PC, so that the device can use the Internet connection of the PC. To share an Internet connection the other way around, reverse the roles of the PC and the device. Assuming the host will use IP address 192.168.0.1 and the device 192.168.0.2 : Prepare host for NAT and IP forwarding $ sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 $ sudo ipta... The first rule is inserted at the beginning of the NAT table. The second and third rules are inserted into the second place in the rules chain. Start PPP with adb $ sudo adb ppp "shell:pppd nodetach noauth noipdef... Add DNS server to device (get dns server ip address from /etc/resolve.conf ): $ adb shell # setprop net.dns1 192.168.33.1 ...

In Linux shell (bash & ksh), executing " set -m " turns on job control . This option is on by default for interactive shells . Background processes run in a separate process group and a line containing their exit status is printed upon their completion.

These Xterm escape sequences change the window and icon titles: ESC]0;stringBEL : Set icon and window title to string . ESC]1;stringBEL : Set icon title to string . ESC]2;stringBEL : Set window title to string . where ESC is the escape character ( \033 ), and BEL is the bell character ( \007 ). Examples: # Change window title to 'Title' echo -e '\033]... Or, use PROMPT_COMMAND (for bash ) to set it up automatically: export PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007... Setting PROMPT_COMMAND may be the only way to change the title since it may have already been set when the shell started (in .bashrc for example). Doing echo will not help you in that case because PROMPT_COMMAND sets the title right back after you tried to change

To get a list of valid login shells: cat /etc/shells To change your login shell to bash: chsh -s /bin/bash