This is an example that uses dynamic proxies to trace method calls (in logging) and print out elapsed times for them. Because dynamic proxies can only be generated for interfaces, the service classes must be implemented with interface-implementation pairs. Create services A and B. A.java : public interface A { public void service1()... AImpl.java : import java.util.Random; public class AImpl... B.java : public interface B { public void service1()... BImpl.java : public class BImpl implements B { public vo... The call trace proxy: import java.lang.reflect.*; class TraceProx... The performance proxy: import java.lang.reflect.*; class Performan... The service factory: import java.lang.reflect.*; public class Se... The test class: public class Test { public static void main... The output: Entering AImpl.service1 Entering BImpl.service1... The above example has no information...

Dynamic proxy can be used to eliminate the need to stub out unused interface methods. This is an example for a simple SAX content handler for XML parsing. The org.xml.sax.ContentHandler interface requires 11 methods be implemented but we only need three: import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Ar... With a dynamic proxy, we don't need the empty blocks for the unused methods: import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Ar... Equivalently (with anonymous inner class): import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Ar... demo.xml : <breakfast-menu> <food> <name>Belgian W...

Facts: Dynamic proxy classes are generated by the Java runtime, from a list of interfaces given by the user. The generated proxy class implements all interfaces given by the user. The dynamic proxy class is not synthetic . The dynamic proxy class is useless without a user supplied InvocationHandler class, since there's only one constructor for the proxy class and it takes a InvocationHandler as parameter. Example code: import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; import ja... Output: Class: $Proxy0 isSynthetic: false Constructo...

While doing some Java reflection code, I noticed the method Class.isSynthetic() , which the JavaDoc says returns " true if and only if this class is a synthetic class as defined by the Java Language Specification". However, there's no definition of "synthetic class" in the JLS ! The only thing that I can find that remotely resembles a definition is in the JVM spec , where it defines the synthetic attribute : "The Synthetic attribute is a fixed-length attribute in the attributes table of ClassFile (§4.1), field_info (§4.5), and method_info (§4.6) structures. A class member that does not appear in the source code must be marked using a Synthetic attribute." By this definition, a default constructor, which does not appear in the source code, should...

Given a class A : class A { public int doWork(String s, int i... it is OK to call method doWork with both primitive types and the corresponding wrapping object types: new A().doWork("Hello", 1, false); new A().doWo... However, if you find method by parameter types with Java reflection, the types must match exactly, i.e., Class<?> c = Class.forName("A"); // This call f... This is a utility to find methods with compatible parameter types: import java.lang.reflect.*; import java.util.*;... Example usage: Method m = ReflectionUtil.getCompatibleMethod(c, "...

Some javap usage examples. Start from HelloWorld.java : @Deprecated public class HelloWorld { pu... javap -c HelloWorld outputs: Compiled from "HelloWorld.java" public class He... javap -v HelloWorld outputs ( -v for verbose mode): Compiled from "HelloWorld.java" public class He... The output consists of: " Compiled from... " header Class attributes. For the HelloWorld example, there are two: SourceFile and Deprecated . Minor and major class file version Constant pool Disassembled code LineNumberTable for debugging purposes. javap by default only prints package/protected/public members. To display all members including private, use the -p switch. javap -v -p HelloWorld

Method 1 - use javap with verbose flag: $ javap HelloWorld -verbose | head Compiled fro... Method 2 - use a utility class: import java.io.*; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; ... According to the VM Spec , a Java class file has this structure: ClassFile { u4 magic; ...

Some peculiarities about Java PrintWriter: PrintWriter never throws any exceptions. From JavaDoc : Methods in this class never throw I/O exceptions, although some of its constructors may. The client may inquire as to whether any errors have occurred by invoking checkError(). When error occurs, you'll never know anything more than that it occured, because checkError returns boolean. When a character is out of the range of the character encoding of the PrintWriter, it prints a question mark (?). But this is not an error. Test code: import java.io.*; public class TestPrintWri... Latin1 test result: java TestPrintWriter iso-8859-1 | od -bc 000000... UTF-8 test result: java TestPrintWriter utf-8 | od -bc 0000000 141... Also, the constructor throws a FileNotFoundException when you try to write to a...

Test page (click the "new window" icon to see the transition): <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>jQu...

Test page: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>jQu... Documentation: UI/Effects - jQuery JavaScript Library Effects - jQueryAPI