The MIPS CPU is able to run both big-endian and little-endian. So a system built on MIPS can be either big-endian (mips) or little-endian (mipsel). The file command shows the architecture: $ file ls ls: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, ... but readelf will tell the endianness: $ readelf -h ls ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45...

Unix hidden files are named starting with a dot ".". To find hidden files in the current directory: $ find . -type f -name '.*' or $ find . -type f | grep \\/\\. To find hidden files in the marketing directory: $ find marketing -type f -name '.*' or $ find marketing -type f | grep \\/\\.

Several ways to remove empty lines from a file with Unix utilities: Remove all empty lines with grep : cat test.txt | grep -v '^\s*$' or grep -v '^\s*$' test.txt Remove all empty lines with sed : sed '/^\s*$/d' test.txt Remove empty lines at the beginning of file with sed : sed '0,/\w/p' leadingBlankLines.txt | sed '0,/\w/d...

The Dos2unix package includes utilities "dos2unix" and "unix2dos" to convert plain text files in DOS or MAC format to UNIX format and vice versa. By default, it replaces the original file: $ dos2unix base64_encoded.txt dos2unix: conver... Use the -n switch to write the converted output to a new file: $ dos2unix -n base64_encoded.txt unix_formatted.tx... Using STDOUT ( - ) as output file does not work : $ dos2unix -n base64_encoded.txt - Use input redirection to write to STDOUT: $ dos2unix < base64_encoded.txt

Perl does not have built-in functions to get the base name or dir name from a file path. But on the Unix platforms we can rely on the executables basename and dirname . #!/usr/bin/perl $f = '/A path with/space "/file... The quotes, escapes, and chomp are necessary: # This fails when there's a space in $f $base =...

To remove new line characters from a file: with tr : tr -d '\n' < the-file.txt or cat the-file.txt | tr -d '\n' with sed : sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n//g' the-file.txt or cat the-file.txt | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n//g' The sed version is a bunch of commands to manipulate the register etc. Regex replace " s/\n//g " does not work because sed regex works on a single line. More tips from this Linux blog: http://linux.dsplabs.com.au/rmnl-remove-new-line-characters-tr-awk-perl-sed-c-cpp-bash-python-xargs-ghc-ghci-haskell-sam-ssam-p65/

First try (this lists files by directory, including directories themselves): ls -R -lrt Second try: find . -type f | xargs ls -lrt

You get this error when you are trying to compile with JDK 1.5 (class version 49), but your dependency was compiled by JDK 1.6 (class version 50). Check the JAVA_HOME setting, and make sure it's pointing to JDK 1.6. On Unix, use set | grep -i java_home On Windows, just set JAVA_HOME

grep is a versatile command with many variations (grep, egrep, fgrep, then various implementations). It uses a regula expression (regex) pattern to filter input. But then there are basic and extended flavors of regex - leading to even more confusion. And, beware that there are lots of bad examples of regex in the wild... There are two critical questions to ask when you use grep: which grep implementation are you using? what is the flavor of the regex? Here are some examples for gnu grep v2.7: # Find all numbers (no decimal point), basic regex... Use the -o flag to show only the matching part instead of the whole matching line: grep -o -E '\b[0-9]{2}\b' The good thing about the gnu grep is that it...

Operator Meaning -e file1 file1 exists -b file1 file1 is a block special file -c file1 file1 is a character special file -d file1 file1 is a directory -f file1 file1 is a regular -g file1 Set Group ID (sgid) bit is set for file1 -h file1 file1 is a symbolic link -k file1 Sticky bit is set for file1 -L file1 file1 is a symbolic link -p file1 file1 is a named pipe (FIFO) -r file1 file1 is readable by the current process -s file1 file1 has a size greater than zero. -t FileDescriptor FileDescriptor is open and associated with a terminal. -u file1 Set User ID (suid) bit is set for file1 -w file1 Write flag (w) is on for file1 -x file1...